Amino acid Transporter (氨基酸转运蛋白)

Amino acid transporters are a class of membrane proteins responsible for transporting amino acids between the inside and outside of cells, crucial for maintaining the balance of amino acid concentrations. The SLC3 and SLC7 families are two well-studied classes of amino acid transporters. The SLC7 family includes cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) and L-type amino acid transporters (LATs), with LATs typically forming heterodimeric complexes with the heavy chain subunits of the SLC3 family through disulfide bonds, known as heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs).
Amino acid transporters are involved in regulating intracellular signaling pathways such as the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the general control non-derepressible (GCN) pathways, influencing protein synthesis, cell proliferation, and growth through the regulation of these signaling pathways. Dysfunctions in amino acid transporters are associated with diseases such as hereditary aminoaciduria, tumor growth, and absorption disorders in the intestines and kidneys. Specific transporters, like LAT1 and SLC7A5, play crucial roles in the proliferation and metabolism of tumor cells and can serve as potential drug targets^[1][2].